| 1 |
Introduction
Neurotransmitters |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 1 ("Introduction," pp. 1-6); Chapter 2 ("Cellular Foundations of Neuropharmacology," pp. 7-37); and Chapter 3 ("Molecular Foundations of Neuropharmacology," pp. 39-64).
|
| 2 |
Membranes, Brain Lipids, and Proteins
Blood Brain Barrier |
Required Readings
Laterra, J., R. Keep, L. A. Betz, and G. W. Goldstein. "Blood-Brain Barrier." In Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Aspects. Edited by George J. Siegel, Bernard W. Agranoff, R. Wayne Albers, Stephen K. Fisher, and Michael D. Uhler. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, c1999. ISBN: 039751820X.
Pardridge, W. M. "Regulation of Amino Acid Availability to the Brain." In Determinants of the Availability of Nutrients to the Brain . Vol. 1 in the Nutrition and the Brain Series. New York, NY: Raven Press, 1977, pp. 142-175. ISBN: 0890040451.
Sulzer, D., and R. Edwards. "Vesicles: Equal in Neurotransmitter Concentration but not in Volume." Neuron 28, no. 1 (2000): 5-7.
Recommended Readings
Betz, A. L. "Transport of Ions Across the Blood-Brain Barrier." Federation Proc. 45, no. 7 (1986): 2050-2054.
Brownlees, J., and C. H. Williams. "Peptidases, Peptides, and the Mammalian Blood-Brain Barrier." J. Neurochem. 60, no. 3 (1993): 793-803.
Temburni, M. K., and M. H. Jacob. "New Functions for Glia in the Brain." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, no. 7 (2001): 3631-3632. |
| 3 |
Acetylcholine
Alzheimer's Disease and Stroke |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 7 ("Acetylcholine," pp. 151–179) and Chapter 13 ("Treating Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases," pp. 373–400).
Required Readings
Blusztajn, J. K., and R. J. Wurtman. "Choline and Cholinergic Neurons." Science 221 (1983): 614-620.
Ulus, I. H., R. J. Wurtman, C. Mauron, and J. K. Blusztajn. "Choline Increases Acetylcholine Release and Protects Against the Stimulation-Induced Decrease in Phosphatide Levels within Membranes of Rat Corpus Striatum." Brain Research 484 (1989): 217-227.
Selkoe, D. J. "Alzheimer's Disease is a Synaptic Failure." Science 298 (2002): 789-791.
Recommended Readings
Nitsch, R. M., J. K. Blusztajn, A. G. Pittas, B. E. Slack, J. H. Growdon, and R. J. Wurtman. "Evidence for a Membrane Defect in Alzheimer Disease." Brain Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 (1992): 1671-1675. |
| 4 |
Dopamine |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 9 ("Dopamine," pp. 225-270) and Chapter 13 ("Treating Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases," pp. 373–400).
Required Readings
Hokfelt, T., J. F. Rehfeld, L. Skirboll, B. Ivemark, M. Goldstein, and K. Markey. "Evidence for Coexistence of Dopamine and CCK in Meso-limbic Neurones." Nature 285 (1980): 476-477.
Burns, R. S., P. A. LeWitt, M. H. Ebert, H. Pakkenberg, and I. J. Kopin. "The Clinical Syndrome of Striatal Dopamine Deficiency." N. Engl. J. Med. 312, no. 22 (1985): 1418-1421.
Acworth, I. N., M. J. During, and R. J. Wurtman. "Tyrosine: Effects on Catecholamine Release." Brain Res. Bull. 21, no. 3 (1988): 473-477.
Seeman, P. "Dopamine Receptors and Psychosis." Scientific American: Science & Medicine 2, no. 5 (1995): 28-37.
Recommended Readings
Williams, G. V., and P. S. Goldman-Rakic. "Modulation of Memory Fields by Dopamine D1 Receptors in Prefrontal Cortex." Nature 376 (1995): 572-575.
Schultz, W., P. Dayan, P. R. Montague. "A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward." Science 275 (1997): 1593-1599.
Strange, P. G. "Dopamine Receptors." Tocris Reviews 15, Bristol, UK: Tocris Cookson Ltd., 2000.
Bjorklund, A., and O. Lindvall. "Parkinson Disease Gene Therapy Moves Toward the Clinic." Nature Medicine 6 (2000): 1207-1208.
Joyce, J. N., H. L. Ryoo, T. B. Beach, J. N. Caviness, M. Stacy, E. V. Gurevich, M. Reiser, C. H. Adler. "Loss of Response to Levodopa in Parkinson's Disease and Co-occurrence with Dementia: Role of D3 and not D2 Receptors." Brain Res. 955, no. 1-2 (2002): 138-52.
Bezard, E., S. Ferry, U. Mach, H. Stark, L. Leriche, T. Boraud, C. Gross, P. Sokoloff. "Attenuation of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesia by Normalizing Dopamine D(3) Receptor Function." Nat Med. 9, no. 6 (2003): 762-7.; |
| 5 |
Dopamine: Parkinson's Disease and Psychosis |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 9 ("Dopamine," pp. 225-270) and Chapter 13 ("Treating Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases," pp. 373–400).
Required Readings
Hokfelt, T., J. F. Rehfeld, L. Skirboll, B. Ivemark, M. Goldstein, and K. Markey. "Evidence for Coexistence of Dopamine and CCK in Meso-limbic Neurones." Nature 285 (1980): 476-477.
Burns, R. S., P. A. LeWitt, M. H. Ebert, H. Pakkenberg, and I. J Kopin. "The Clinical Syndrome of Striatal Dopamine Deficiency." N. Engl. J. Med. 312, no. 22 (1985): 1418-1421.
Acworth, I. N., M. J. During, and R. J. Wurtman. "Tyrosine: Effects on Catecholamine Release." Brain Res. Bull. 21, no. 3 (1988): 473-477.
Seeman, P. "Dopamine Receptors and Psychosis." Scientific American: Science & Medicine 2, no. 5 (1995): 28-37.
Recommended Readings
Williams, G. V., and P. S. Goldman-Rakic. "Modulation of Memory Fields by Dopamine D1 Receptors in Prefrontal Cortex." Nature 376 (1995): 572-575.
Schultz, W., P. Dayan, P. R. Montague. "A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward." Science 275 (1997): 1593-1599.
Strange, P. G. "Dopamine Receptors." Tocris Reviews 15, Bristol, UK: Tocris Cookson Ltd., 2000.
Bjorklund, A., and O. Lindvall. "Parkinson Disease Gene Therapy Moves Toward the Clinic." Nature Medicine 6 (2000): 1207-1208.
Joyce, J. N., H. L. Ryoo, T. B. Beach, J. N. Caviness, M. Stacy, E. V. Gurevich, M. Reiser, C. H. Adler. "Loss of Response to Levodopa in Parkinson's Disease and Co-occurrence with Dementia: Role of D3 and not D2 Receptors." Brain Res. 955, no. 1-2 (2002): 138-52.
Bezard, E., S. Ferry, U. Mach, H. Stark, L. Leriche, T. Boraud, C. Gross, P. Sokoloff. "Attenuation of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesia by Normalizing Dopamine D(3) Receptor Function." Nat Med. 9, no. 6 (2003): 762-7. |
| 6 |
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 8 ("Norepinephrine and Epinephrine," pp. 181-223) and Chapter 13 ("Treating Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases," pp. 373-400).
Required Readings
Wurtman R. J., and J. Axelrod. "Control of Enzymatic Synthesis of Adrenaline in the Adrenal Medulla by Adrenal Cortical Steroids." J. Biol. Chem. 241, no. 10 (1966): 2301-2305.
Wurtman, R. J. "Presynaptic Control of Release of Amine Neurotransmitters by Precursor Levels." NIPS 3 (1988): 158-163.
Recommended Readings
Wurtman, R. J., A. Casper, L. Pohorecky and F. C. Bartter. "Impaired Secretion of Epinephrine in Response to Insulin Among Hypophysectomized Dogs." PNAS 61 (1968): 522-528.
Insel, P. A. "Adrenergic Receptors - Evolving Concepts and Clinical Implications." N. Engl. J. Med. 334, no. 9 (1996): 580-585.
Berridge, C. W., and Waterhouse B. D. "The Locus Coeruleus-noradrenergic System: Modulation of Behavioral State and State-dependent Cognitive Processes." Brain Res. Rev. 42 (2003): 33-84. |
| 7 |
Neurotransmitter Release: Amy Pooler |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 3 ("Molecular Foundations of Neuropharmacology," pp. 59-64).
Required Readings
Rizo, J., and T. C. Südhof. "SNAREs and Munc18 in Synaptic Vesicle Fusion." Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3, (2002): 641-653.
Recommended Readings
Fon, E. A., and R. H. Edwards. "Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release." Muscle Nerve 24, no. 5, (2001): 581-601.
Sudhof, T. C. "The Synaptic Vesicle Cycle Revisited." Neuron 28, no. 2 (2000): 317-20. |
| 8 |
5HT (Serotonin) |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 10 ("Serotonin, Histamine, and Adenosine," pp. 271-304) and Chapter 13 ("Treating Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases," pp. 373–400).
Required Readings
Fernstrom, J. D., and R. J. Wurtman. "Brain Serotonin Content: Physiological Dependence on Plasma Tryptophan Levels." Science 173 (1971): 149-152.
———. "Brain Serotonin Content: Increase Following Ingestion of Carbohydrate Diet." Science 174 (1971): 1023-1025.
———. "Brain Serotonin Content: Physiological Regulation by Plasma Neutral Amino Acids." Science 178 (1972): 414-416.
Wurtman, R. J., and J. J. Wurtman. "Carbohydrates and Depression." Scientific American 1 (1989): 68-75.
Schaechter, J. D., and R. J. Wurtman. "Tryptophan Availability Modulates Serotonin Release from Rat Hypothalamic Slices." J. Neurochem. 53, no. 6 (1989): 1925-1933.
Nishizawa, S., C. Benkelfat, S. N. Young, M. Leyton, S. Mzengeza, C. de Montigny, and M. Blier P. Diksic. "Differences between Males and Females in Rates of Serotonin Synthesis in Human Brain." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 (1997): 5308-5313.
Austin, M. C., R. E. Whitehead, C. L. Edgar, J. E. Janosky, and D. A. Lewis. "Localized Decrease in Serotonin Transporter-immunoreactive Axons in the Prefrontal Cortex of Depressed Subjects Committing Suicide." Neuroscience 114, no. 3 (2002): 807-15.
Caspi, A., K. Sugden, T. E. Moffitt, A. Taylor, I. W. Craig, H. Harrington, J. McClay, J. Mill, J. Martin, A. Braithwaite, and R. Poulton. "Influence of Life Stress on Zepression: Moderation by a Polymorphism in the 5-HTT Gene." Science 301, no. 5631(2003): 386-9.
Recommended Readings
Wurtman, J. J., and R. J. Wurtman. "D -Fenfluramine Selectively Decreases Carbohydrate But Not Protein Intake in Obese Subjects." Intl. J. Obesity 8, no. 1 (1984): 79-84.
O'Rourke, D., J. J. Wurtman, R. J. Wurtman, R. Chebli, and R. Gleason. "Treatment of Seasonal Depression With d-Fenfluramine." J. Clin. Psychiatry 50, no. 9 (1989): 343-347.
Martin, G. M. "Advances in Serotonin Receptor Research: Molecular Biology, Signal Transduction and Therapeutics." CNS Drug Reviews 3, no. 3 (1997): 294-299.
Commons, K. G., K. R. Connolley, and R. J. Valentino. "A Neurochemically Distinct Dorsal Raphe-limbic Circuit with a Potential Role in Affective Disorders." Neuropsychopharmacology 28, no. 2 (2003): 206-15.
Lyles, J., J. L. Cadet. "Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) Neurotoxicity: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms." Brain Res. Rev. 42, no. 2 (2003): 155-68. |
| 9 |
5HT (Serotonin: Depression and Obesity) |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 10 ("Serotonin, Histamine, and Adenosine," pp. 271-304) and Chapter 13 ("Treating Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases," pp. 373–400).
Required Readings
Fernstrom, J. D., and R. J. Wurtman. "Brain Serotonin Content: Physiological Dependence on Plasma Tryptophan Levels." Science 173 (1971): 149-152.
———. "Brain Serotonin Content: Increase Following Ingestion of Carbohydrate Diet." Science 174 (1971): 1023-1025.
———. "Brain Serotonin Content: Physiological Regulation by Plasma Neutral Amino Acids." Science 178 (1972): 414-416.
Wurtman, R. J., and J. J. Wurtman. "Carbohydrates and Depression." Scientific American 1 (1989): 68-75.
Schaechter, J. D., and R. J. Wurtman. "Tryptophan Availability Modulates Serotonin Release from Rat Hypothalamic Slices." J. Neurochem. 53, no. 6 (1989): 1925-1933.
Nishizawa, S., C. Benkelfat, S. N. Young, M. Leyton, S. Mzengeza, C. de Montigny, and M. Blier P. Diksic. "Differences between Males and Females in Rates of Serotonin Synthesis in Human Brain." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 (1997): 5308-5313.
Austin, M. C., R. E. Whitehead, C. L. Edgar, J. E. Janosky, and D. A. Lewis. "Localized Decrease in Serotonin Transporter-immunoreactive Axons in the Prefrontal Cortex of Depressed Subjects Committing Suicide." Neuroscience 114, no. 3 (2002): 807-15.
Caspi, A., K. Sugden, T. E. Moffitt, A. Taylor, I. W. Craig, H. Harrington, J. McClay, J. Mill, J. Martin, A. Braithwaite, and R. Poulton. "Influence of Life Stress on Zepression: Moderation by a Polymorphism in the 5-HTT Gene." Science 301, no. 5631 (2003): 386-9.
Recommended Readings
Wurtman, J. J., and R. J. Wurtman. "D -Fenfluramine Selectively Decreases Carbohydrate But Not Protein Intake in Obese Subjects." Intl. J. Obesity 8, no. 1 (1984): 79-84.
O'Rourke, D., J. J. Wurtman, R. J. Wurtman, R. Chebli, and R. Gleason. "Treatment of Seasonal Depression With d-Fenfluramine." J. Clin. Psychiatry 50, no. 9 (1989): 343-347.
Martin, G. M. "Advances in Serotonin Receptor Research: Molecular Biology, Signal Transduction and Therapeutics." CNS Drug Reviews 3, no. 3 (1997): 294-299.
Commons, K. G., K. R. Connolley, and R. J. Valentino. "A Neurochemically Distinct Dorsal Raphe-limbic Circuit with a Potential Role in Affective Disorders." Neuropsychopharmacology 28, no. 2 (2003): 206-15.
Lyles, J., J. L. Cadet. "Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) Neurotoxicity: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms." Brain Res. Rev. 42, no. 2 (2003): 155-68. |
| 10 |
Melatonin: Sleep |
Required Readings
Wurtman, R. J., J. Axelrod, and E. W. Chu. "Melatonin, a Pineal Substance: Effect on the Rat Ovary." Science 141 (1963): 277-278.
Lynch, H. J., R. J. Wurtman, M. A. Moskowitz, M. C. Archer, and M. H. Ho. "Daily Rhythm in the Human Urinary Melatonin." Science 187 (1975), 169-171.
Zhdanova, I. V., R. J. Wurtman, M. M. Regan, J. A. Taylor, J. P. Shi, and O. U. Leclair. "Melatonin Treatment for Age-Related Insomnia." J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab. 86, no. 10 (2001): 4727-4730.
Musshoff, U., D. Riewenherm, E. Berger, J. D. Fauteck, and E. J. Speckmann. "Melatonin Receptors in Rat Hippocampus: Molecular and Functional Investigations." Hippocampus 12, no. 2 (2002): 165-73.
Recommended Readings
Zhdanova, I. V., et al. "Sleep-Inducing Effects of Low Doses of Melatonin Ingested in the Evening." Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 57 (1995): 552-558.
Chong, N. W., S. S. Chaurasia, R. Haque, D. C. Klein, and P. M. Iuvone. "Temporal-spatial Characterization of Chicken Clock Genes: Circadian Expression in Retina, Pineal Gland, and Peripheral Tissues." J. Neurochem. 85, no. 4 (2003): 851-60. |
| 11 |
Examination |
|
| 12 |
Glutamate, Aspartate |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 6 ("Amino Acid Transmitters," pp. 132-150).
Required Readings
Schoepp, D. D. "Novel Functions for Subtypes of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors." Neurochem. Int. 24, no. 5 (1994): 439-449.
Malenka, R. C., and R. A. Nicoll. "Long-Term Potentiation - A Decade of Progress?" Science 285 (1999): 1870-1874.
Mothet, J. P., A. T Parent, H. Wolosker, R. O. Brady, Jr., D. J. Linden, C. D. Ferris, M. A. Rogawski, and S. H. Snyder. "D-serine is an Endogenous Ligand for the Glycine Site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, no. 9 (2000): 4926-31.
Recommended Readings
Krystal, J. H., et al. "NMDA Agonists and Antagonists as Probes of Glutamatergic Dysfunction and Pharmacotherapies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders." Harvard Rev. Psychiatry 7 (1999): 125-143.
Schoepp, D. D., J. A. Monn, G. J. Marek, G. Aghajanian, and B. Moghaddam. "LY354740: A Systematically Active mGlu2/mGlu3 Receptor Agonist." CNS Drug Reviews 5, no. 1 (1999): 1-12. |
| 13 |
Dynamics of Glutamate Release and Receptor Effects
Schizophrenia |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 6 ("Amino Acid Transmitters," pp. 132-150).
Required Readings
Schoepp, D. D. "Novel Functions for Subtypes of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors." Neurochem. Int. 24, no. 5 (1994): 439-449.
Malenka, R. C., and R. A. Nicoll. "Long-Term Potentiation - A Decade of Progress?" Science 285 (1999): 1870-1874.
Mothet, J. P., A. T Parent, H. Wolosker, R. O. Brady, Jr., D. J. Linden, C. D. Ferris, M. A. Rogawski, and S. H. Snyder. "D-serine is an Endogenous Ligand for the Glycine Site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, no. 9 (2000): 4926-31.
Recommended Readings
Krystal, J. H., et al. "NMDA Agonists and Antagonists as Probes of Glutamatergic Dysfunction and Pharmacotherapies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders." Harvard Rev. Psychiatry 7 (1999): 125-143.
Schoepp, D. D., J. A. Monn, G. J. Marek, G. Aghajanian, and B. Moghaddam. "LY354740: A Systematically Active mGlu2/mGlu3 Receptor Agonist." CNS Drug Reviews 5, no. 1 (1999): 1-12. |
| 14 |
GABA and Glycine: Anxiety and Seizures |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 6 ("Amino Acid Transmitters," pp. 105-132).
Required Readings
Gale, K., and M. J. Iadarola. "Seizure Protection and Increased Nerve-Terminal GABA: Delayed Effects of GABA Transmission Inhibition." Science 208 (1980): 288-291.
Betz, H., and C. M. Becker. "The Mammalian Glycine Receptor: Biology and Structure of a Neuronal Chloride Channel." Protein. Neurochem. Int. 13, no. 2 (1988): 137-146.
Martin, D. L., and K. Rimvall. "Regulation of GABA Synthesis in the Brain." J. Neurochem. 60, no. 2 (1993): 395-407.
Anagnostaras, S. G., M. G. Craske, and M. S. Fanselow. "Anxiety: At the Intersection of Genes and Experience." Nature Neurosci. 2, no. 9 (1999): 780-782.
Recommended Readings
During, M. J., M. K. Ryder, and D. D. Spencer. "Hippocampal GABA Transporter Function in Temporal-lobe Epilepsy." Nature 376 (1995): 174-177.
Crestani, F., et al. "Decreased GABA-A Receptor Clustering results in Enhanced Anxiety and a Bias for Threat Cues." Nature Neurosci. 2, no. 9 (1999): 833-839.
Köhling, R. "GABA Becomes Exciting." Science 298 (2002): 1350-1351.
Rogawski, M.A. "Progesterone, Neurosteroids, and the Hormonal Basis of Catamenial Epilepsy." Ann. Neurol. 53, no. 3 (2003): 288-290. |
| 15 |
Adenosine and Coffee
Histamine and Itch
Cannabinoids and Marijuana |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 10 ("Serotonin, Histamine, and Adenosine," pp. 304-320).
Required Readings
Brown, S. J., S. James, M. Reddington, and P. J. Richardson. "Both A1 and A2a Purine Receptors Regulate Striatal Acetylcholine Release." J. Neurochem. 55, no. 1 (1990): 31-38.
Simons, F. E. R., and K. J. Simons. "The Pharmacology and Use of H1-Receptor-Antagonist Drugs." New England J. Med. 330, no. 23 (1994): 1663-1670.
Fredholm, B. B. "Adenosine Receptors in the Central Nervous System." NIPS 10 (1995): 122-128.
Shankley, N. P., G. F. Watt, and J. W. Black. "Definition and Localization of Histamine H2 Receptors." Euro. J. Clin. Investig. 25, no. 1 (1995): 12-18.
Goutopoulos, A., and A. Makriyannis. "From Cannabis to Cannabinergics: New Therapeutic Opportunities." Pharmacol Ther. 95, no. 2 (2002): 103-17.
Wilson, R. I, and R. A. Nicoll. "Endocannabinoid signaling in the brain." Science 296, no. 5568 (2002): 678-82.
Masaki, T., S. Chiba, G. Yoshimichi, T. Yasuda, H. Noguchi, T. Kakuma, T. Sakata T, and H. Yoshimatsu. "Neuronal Histamine Regulates Food Intake, Adiposity, and Uncoupling Protein Expression in Agouti Yellow (A(y)/a) Obese Mice." Endocrinology 144, no. 6 (2003): 2741-8.
Recommended Readings
Braas, K. M., A. C. Newby, V. S. Wilson, and S. H. Snyder. "Adenosine-Containing Neurons in the Brain Localized by Immunocytochemistry." J. Neurosci. 6, no. 7 (1986), 1952-1961.
Clarke, B., E. Rowland, P. J. Barnes, J. Till, D. E. Ward, and E. A. Shinebourne. "Rapid and Safe Termination of Supraventricular Tachycardia in Children by Adenosine." The Lancet (1987): 299-301.
Kim, D., and S. A Thayer. "Cannabinoids Inhibit the Formation of New Synapses Between Hippocampal Neurons in Culture." J. Neurosci. 15; 21, no. 10: (2001) RC146. |
| 16 |
Receptors and Second Messengers |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 4 ("Receptors," pp. 65-84); Chapter 5 ("Modulation of Synaptic Transmission," pp. 65-84); and Chapter 12 ("Cellular Mechanisms in Learning and Memory," pp. 357–372).
Required Readings
Anggard, E. "Nitric Oxide: Mediator, Murderer, and Medicine." The Lancet 343 (1994): 1199-1206.
Cary, S. P. L., and M. A. Marletta. "The Case of CO Signaling: Why is the Jury Still Out." J. Clin. Investig. 107, no. 9 (2001): 1071-1073.
Fitzpatrick, F. A., and R. Soberman. "Regulated Formation of Eicosanoids." J. Clin. Investig. 107, no. 11 (2001): 1347-1351.
Funk, C. D. "Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes: Advances in Eicosanoid Biology." Science 294 (2001): 1871-1875.
Corbin, J. D., S. H. Francis, and D. J. Webb. "Phosphodiesterase Type 5 As Apharmacologic Target in Erectile Dysfunction." Urology 60, 2 Suppl 2 (2002): 4-11.
Recommended Readings
Moncada, S., and A. Higgs. "The L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway." N. Engl. J. Med. 329, no. 27 (1993): 2002-2012.
Nadal, A., M. Diaz, and M. A. Valverde. "The Estrogen Trinity: Membrane, Cytosolic, and Nuclear Effects." News. Physiol. Sci. 16, (2001): 251-5.
McDonnell, D. P., and J. D. Norris. "Connections and Regulation of the Human Estrogen Receptor." Science 296 (2002): 1642-1644. |
| 17 |
Peptides |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 11 ("Neuroactive Peptides," pp. 321-356).
Required Readings
Nichols, M. L., et al. "Transmission of Chronic Nociception by Spinal Neurons Expressing the Substance P Receptor." Science 268 (1999): 1558-1561.
Selmer, I-S., M. Schindler, J. P. Allen, P. P. A. Humphrey, and P. C. Emson. "Advances in Understanding Neuronal Somatostatin Receptors." Regulatory Peptides 90 (2000): 1–18.
Degen, L., D. Matzinger, J. Drewe, and C. Beglinger. "The Effect of Cholecystokinin in Controlling Appetite and Food Intake in Humans." Peptides 22, no. 8 (2001): 1265-9.
Hofbauer, K. G. "Molecular Pathways to Obesity." Int. J. Obesity 26, Suppl. 2, (2002): S18–S27.
Recommended Readings
Schwartz, M. W., S. C. Woods, D. Porte, Jr., R. J. Seeley, and D. G. Baskin. "Central Nervous System Control of Food Intake." Nature 404 (2000): 661-671. |
| 18 |
Drug Discovery
Categories of Psychiatric Disease |
Cooper, Bloom, and Roth. Chapter 13 ("Treating Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases," pp. 373-400).
Required Readings
Wurtman, R. J., and R. L. Bettiker. "The Slowing of Treatment Discovery, 1965-1995." Nat. Med. 1, no. 11 (1995): 1122-1125.
Wurtman, R. J. "What went Right: Why is HIV a Treatable Infection?" Nat. Med. 3, no. 7 (1997): 714-717.
Fava, M., and K. S. Kendler. "Major Depressive Disorder." Neuron 28, no. 2 (2000): 335-41.
Cowan, W. M., and E. R. Kandel. "Prospects for Neurology and Psychiatry." JAMA 285, no. 5 (2001): 594-600.
Cloninger, C. R. "The Discovery of Susceptibility Genes for Mental Disorders." Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 99, no. 21 (2002): 13365-13367.
Chumakov, I., et al. "Genetic and Physiological Data Implicating the New Human Gene G72 and the Gene for D-amino Acid Oxidase in Schizophrenia." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99, no. 21 (2002): 13675-80.
Recommended Readings
Hyman, S. "Mental Illness: Genetically Complex Disorders of Neural Circuitry and Neural Communication." Neuron 28 (2000): 321-323.
Leckman, J. F., and M. A. Riddle. "Tourette's Syndrome: When Habit-Forming Systems Form Habits of Their Own?" Neuron 28 (2000): 349-354.
Coyle, J. T., and R. S. Duman. "Finding the Intracellular Signaling Pathways Affected by Mood Disorder Treatments." Neuron 38 (2003): 157-160. |
| 19 |
Examination |
|